Nouns and pronouns
Assalamua’laikum guys. ;) hari ini karna
aku lagi baik hati, aku pengen bagi-bagiin materi nouns and pronouns.
Sebenanrnya ini tugas makalah bahasa Ingrish kelompok aku, tapi dari pada Cuma
mendem doang di laptop filenya, mending aku bagiin. Mana tau bermanfaat buat
teman-teman semua ;)
Oh ya, nama teman-teman yang satu
kelompok dengan aku itu ada Riski Rahmat, Peny Bauty, M.Affandy, dan Ghandi.
Kenapa aku tulis disini nama-namanya? Coz kalau suatu hari aku lupa, aku bisa
ngelihat di diary online aku ini. Aku ingin semua kisah hidup aku, aku tuangkan
disini. ;) jadi jangan kesal yah kalau ini blog isinya kebanyakan curhatan.
Aduh
Muth, lama banget sih! Mending langsung ketopik deh!
Hihi. Oke-oke. Sabar! Langsung aja ya,
lest check this out :
Nouns
1. Countable
nouns.
a. Regular
plurals.
Singular
|
Plural
|
Rules
and examples
|
Doctor
|
Doctors
|
Most of time we add-s to nouns to make
them plural.
They
are doctors.
|
Day
|
Days
|
If
a noun ends in a vowel + y, we add –s to make it plural.
Autum days in Istanbul are often rainy.
|
City
|
Cities
|
If a noun ends in consonant + y, we
drop –y and add –ies to make it plural.
Cairo
and athens are large cities.
|
Class
|
Classes
|
If a noun ends in –s, -ss, -ch, -sh,
or –x, we add –es to make it plural.
All
the classes are full.
|
Knife
|
Knives
|
If a noun ends in –f or –fe, we drop
the final –f or –fe and add –ves to make it plural.
These knives are very dull.
|
Zoo
|
Zoos
|
If a noun ends in –o, we add –s or –es
to make it plural.
Most
childern like zoos.
|
b. Irregular
verbs.
singular
|
plural
|
examples
|
woman
|
women
|
That
woman is the school principal.
Those
women are school principal.
|
man
|
Men
|
There
is a man on the roof.
There
are three men on the roof.
|
mouse
|
Mice
|
I
see a mouse under the table.
I
see three mice under the table.
|
c. Pair
nouns
·
Pair nouns are nouns
referring to single items with two equal parts or that come in pairs.
Example : spectacles, shorts, and tights
·
Pair nouns are plural
and take plural verbs.
Example : Edgar’s pants are red and blue.
·
When we want to talk
about one (paired) item, we use a pair
of + noun. When we talk about a number of (paired) items, we use ....pairs of + noun.
Example : sally has three pairs of
glasses.
·
A pair needs a singular
verb; pairs needs plural verb.
Example : a pair of pants is about eight dollars, but four pairs are only twenty-five dollars.
2.
Uncountable nouns.
a. Uncountable
nouns cannot be used with a, an, one or any other number.
b. Uncountable
nouns take singular verbs.
Example : milk is beneficial for children.
c. We
may use a countable noun + of +
uncountable nouns to indicate specific quantities.
3.
Collective nouns.
a. Some
nouns refer to a group of people or things. They are called collective nouns and group nouns.
b. Collective
nouns take a singular or plural verb.
c. We
use it and its with the singular and they
and their with the plural of
collective nouns.
Example : The union is choosing its leader.
d. We
always use a plural verb for some collective nouns.
Example : the police are looking for the criminal.
4.
Determiners.
Example
of determiners are as follow :
a. Articles
: a, an, the
b. Numerals
: one, two, three, four
c. Possessives
: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
d. Demonstratives
: this, that, these, those
e. Quantifiers
: much, many, a lot of, a few, a little, some, any.
Pronouns
A
pronoun is a word that we use a place of a noun. There are varions kinds of
pronoun.
1.
Personal pronouns.
a. Subject
pronouns.
Singular
|
plural
|
I
|
We
|
You
|
You
|
He
She
It
|
They
|
·
Subject personal
pronouns are used as the subject of a sentence.
Example : i have three sisters. They are all students.
·
Third person singular
personal pronouns (he, she, it) take
singular verbs. Other personal pronouns take plural verbs.
Example : this is Taipan. He is a student at the university.
b. Object
pronouns.
Singular
|
plural
|
Me
|
us
|
You
|
You
|
Him
|
Them
|
Her
|
Them
|
It
|
them
|
Ø Object
personal pronouns are used as the object of a sentence.
Example : hey John! I want to talk
to you.
Ø We
can use object personal pronouns after prepositions.
Example : this is a gift from us.
2.
Possessive pronouns.
Subject pronouns
|
Possessive pronouns
|
I
|
Mine
|
You
|
Yours
|
He
|
His
|
She
|
Hers
|
It
|
-
|
We
|
Ours
|
You
|
Yours
|
They
|
theirs
|
a. We
use possessive pronouns to show that something belongs to somebody.
b. Possessive
adjectives are used with nouns (my hat)
but possessive pronouns stand alone. (this hat is mine)
Example : is this your book? (possessive adjective)
No, it isn’t mine. It is Marty’s book. Mine
is in my bag. (possessive pronouns)
c. Possessive
pronouns answer the question whose.
Example : whose car is this? It is mine.
3.
Demonstrative pronouns.
Near
|
Father away
|
This
|
That
|
These
|
Those
|
In subject position
|
In object position
|
This/that + singular verb
|
Verb +
this/that
|
These/those + plural verb
|
Verb +
these/those
|
a. Demonstrative
pronouns have the same form as demonstrative adjectives.
b. We
use demonstrative pronouns in place of nouns when we are identifying or
pointing to them.
c. Demonstrative
pronouns are not used with nouns. They stand alone.
d. We
can use demonstrative pronouns when we are introducing people, places, or
things.
Example
:
·
Bring me those, please.
·
This
is her bedroom.
·
This
is Banu and that
is Hakan.
4.
Indefinite pronouns.
Somebody anybody everybody nobody
Someone anyone everyone no one
Something anything everything nothing
|
a. We
use indefinite pronouns when we want
to talk about people or things without saying exactly who or what they are.
b. Somebody and
someone, anybody and anyone, everybody and everyone, nobody and no one have the same meanings.
c. Indefinite
pronouns are singular and they take singular verbs.
Examples
:
Ø I
can see somebody in the classroom.
Ø I
don’t have anything to say.
Ø There
is nothing on the desk.
Ehm, mungkin ini dulu deh. Semoga
bermanfaat.
Salam emuaah, @muthiiihauraa
4 Desember 2013
wah makasih banget, mampir kesini dapet ilmu bahasa inggris :))
BalasHapushaha.. iya kak, makanya sering-sering mampir ;p semoga bermanfaat ;D
Hapusnaah.. yang kaya gini ni penjelasan yang aku cari, mkasih atas ilmunya ^^
BalasHapuswah, iyaa. ;D
Hapusmakasih kembali sudah mampir ;)