Nouns and pronouns

11.52 muthihaura 4 Comments


Assalamua’laikum guys. ;) hari ini karna aku lagi baik hati, aku pengen bagi-bagiin materi nouns and pronouns. Sebenanrnya ini tugas makalah bahasa Ingrish kelompok aku, tapi dari pada Cuma mendem doang di laptop filenya, mending aku bagiin. Mana tau bermanfaat buat teman-teman semua ;)

Oh ya, nama teman-teman yang satu kelompok dengan aku itu ada Riski Rahmat, Peny Bauty, M.Affandy, dan Ghandi. Kenapa aku tulis disini nama-namanya? Coz kalau suatu hari aku lupa, aku bisa ngelihat di diary online aku ini. Aku ingin semua kisah hidup aku, aku tuangkan disini. ;) jadi jangan kesal yah kalau ini blog isinya kebanyakan curhatan.

Aduh Muth, lama banget sih! Mending langsung ketopik deh!

Hihi. Oke-oke. Sabar! Langsung aja ya, lest check this out :

Nouns

1.      Countable nouns.
a.       Regular plurals.

Singular
Plural
Rules and examples
Doctor

Doctors

Most of time we add-s to nouns to make them plural.
They are doctors.
Day
Days
If  a noun ends in a vowel + y, we add –s to make it plural.
Autum days in Istanbul are often rainy.
City
Cities
If a noun ends in consonant + y, we drop –y and add –ies to make it plural.
Cairo and athens are large cities.
Class
Classes
If a noun ends in –s, -ss, -ch, -sh, or –x, we add –es to make it plural.
All the classes are full.
Knife
Knives
If a noun ends in –f or –fe, we drop the final –f or –fe and add –ves to make it plural.
These knives are very dull.
Zoo
Zoos
If a noun ends in –o, we add –s or –es to make it plural.
Most childern like zoos.

b.      Irregular verbs.
singular
plural
examples
woman
women
That woman is the school principal.
Those women are school principal.
man
Men
There is a man on the roof.
There are three men on the roof.
mouse
Mice
I see a mouse under the table.
I see three mice  under the table.

c.       Pair nouns
·         Pair nouns are nouns referring to single items with two equal parts or that come in pairs.
Example : spectacles, shorts, and tights
·         Pair nouns are plural and take plural verbs.
Example : Edgar’s pants are red and blue.
·         When we want to talk about one (paired) item, we use a pair of + noun. When we talk about a number of (paired) items, we use ....pairs of + noun.
Example : sally has three pairs of glasses.
·         A pair needs a singular verb; pairs needs plural verb.
Example : a pair of pants is about eight dollars, but four pairs are only twenty-five dollars.
2.      Uncountable nouns.
a.       Uncountable nouns cannot be used with a, an, one or any other number.
b.      Uncountable nouns take singular verbs.
Example : milk is beneficial for children.
c.       We may use a countable noun + of + uncountable nouns to indicate specific quantities.
3.      Collective nouns.
a.       Some nouns refer to a group of people or things. They are called collective nouns and group nouns.
b.      Collective nouns take a singular or plural verb.
c.       We use it and its with the singular and they and their with the plural of collective nouns.
Example : The union is choosing its leader.
d.      We always use a plural verb for some collective nouns.
Example : the police are looking for the criminal.
4.      Determiners.
Example of determiners are as follow :
a.       Articles : a, an, the
b.      Numerals : one, two, three, four
c.       Possessives : my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
d.      Demonstratives : this, that, these, those
e.       Quantifiers : much, many, a lot of, a few, a little, some, any.

Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that we use a place of a noun. There are varions kinds of pronoun.
1.      Personal pronouns.
a.       Subject pronouns.
Singular
plural
I
We
You
You
He
She
It
They

·         Subject personal pronouns are used as the subject of a sentence.
Example : i have three sisters. They are all students.
·         Third person singular personal pronouns (he, she, it) take singular verbs. Other personal pronouns take plural verbs.
Example : this is Taipan. He is a student at the university.
b.      Object pronouns.
Singular
plural
Me
us
You
You
Him
Them
Her
Them
It
them

Ø  Object personal pronouns are used as the object of a sentence.
Example : hey John! I want to talk to you.
Ø  We can use object personal pronouns after prepositions.
Example : this is a gift from us.
2.      Possessive pronouns.
Subject pronouns
Possessive pronouns
I
Mine
You
Yours
He
His
She
Hers
It
-
We
Ours
You
Yours
They
theirs

a.       We use possessive pronouns to show that something belongs to somebody.
b.      Possessive adjectives are used with nouns (my hat) but possessive pronouns stand alone. (this hat is mine)
Example : is this your book? (possessive adjective)
No, it isn’t mine. It is Marty’s book. Mine is in my bag. (possessive pronouns)
c.       Possessive pronouns answer the question whose.
Example : whose car is this? It is mine.
3.      Demonstrative pronouns.
Near
Father away
This
That
These
Those

In subject position
In object position
This/that + singular verb
Verb + this/that
These/those + plural verb
Verb + these/those

a.       Demonstrative pronouns have the same form as demonstrative adjectives.
b.      We use demonstrative pronouns in place of nouns when we are identifying or pointing to them.
c.       Demonstrative pronouns are not used with nouns. They stand alone.
d.      We can use demonstrative pronouns when we are introducing people, places, or things.
Example :
·         Bring me those, please.
·         This is her bedroom.
·         This is Banu and that is Hakan.
4.      Indefinite pronouns.
Somebody                anybody                everybody                     nobody
Someone                   anyone                  everyone                       no one
Something                anything                everything                     nothing

a.       We use indefinite pronouns when we want to talk about people or things without saying exactly who or what they are.
b.      Somebody and someone, anybody and anyone, everybody and everyone, nobody and no one have the same meanings.
c.       Indefinite pronouns are singular and they take singular verbs.

Examples :
Ø  I can see somebody in the classroom.
Ø  I don’t have anything to say.
Ø  There is nothing on the desk.

Ehm, mungkin ini dulu deh. Semoga bermanfaat.
Salam emuaah, @muthiiihauraa
4 Desember 2013

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4 komentar:

  1. wah makasih banget, mampir kesini dapet ilmu bahasa inggris :))

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. haha.. iya kak, makanya sering-sering mampir ;p semoga bermanfaat ;D

      Hapus
  2. naah.. yang kaya gini ni penjelasan yang aku cari, mkasih atas ilmunya ^^

    BalasHapus